Prof Holloway currently serves as the chair of nursing studies at The University of Edinburgh, is the programme director for the Nursing Now Challenge, and is an Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins School of Nursing. She is also a Fellow of both the Royal College of Surgeons and the Royal College of Nursing.

Neil Gray, health secretary, said: ‘With 30 years' research experience in the fields of alcohol-related harm, public health and workforce, and a strong focus on health policy, she will play a key role in our plans to improve the NHS in the coming years.

‘Her national and international experience will help focus our efforts to ensure that people across Scotland will continue to access the right care, in the right place.'

He added: ‘I would also like to express my thanks to Anne Armstrong for her support and service in the interim and look forward to continuing to work with her as she returns to deputy chief nursing officer.'

Prof Holloway said: ‘The challenge ahead is great, but one that requires a clear and unwavering focus on improving the health of the people of Scotland.

‘Those that constitute the NHS health and social care workforce across sectors, have always been the beating heart of this most beloved institution. They must be valued and respected as their contribution, knits together the very fabric of our society and wellbeing.

‘The work we must do now together, will address not only the current demands we face but is an investment into the health of future generations.'

In response, Paul Rees, chief executive and registrar of the Nursing and Midwifery Council, said: ‘This is a vital leadership role within Scotland's health and social care system, and her dedicated service to nursing over the years – from elevating nursing's role within global health policy to supporting early career development in nursing - will serve her well in the role.

‘Professor Holloway brings a wealth of experience, insight and commitment to the nursing profession, and I have every confidence she will provide strong, compassionate leadership at a critical time for health and care services in Scotland.'

Colin Poolman, executive director at RCN Scotland, said: ‘A leader in the global nursing community, her appointment comes at a time when our profession faces many challenges across health and social care.

‘Aisha has played a key role in the Nursing and Midwifery Taskforce and will now have the responsibility for delivering the recommendations. I, and the wider RCN team, are looking forward to working with Professor Holloway to ensure the nursing profession in Scotland has the support it deserves.'

Prof Holloway will take up the role in November.