The first phase of the programme in early 2026 will include lifestyle support as well as obesity medication if clinically appropriate.
Obesity medication is currently unavailable in Northern Ireland.
Nesbitt said: ‘Obesity is a significant public health issue in Northern Ireland, with 65% of adults and 26% of children living with obesity or overweight.
‘As I have repeatedly emphasised, my ambition is to shift our health's service focus from treating ill people to helping them stay healthy.'
The health minister highlighted how obesity was a contributing factor to health inequalities with 68% of people having the condition in the most disadvantaged communities compared with 62% among the least disadvantaged.
A 2015 study estimated obesity cost the Northern Ireland economy around £414m each year.
Nesbitt added: "This is a very significant step forward. I have many competing demands on a seriously overstretched budget but I was determined to prioritise this area.'