He started his career as a porter at Middlesex Hospital in 1980, before moving on to various frontline and managerial roles.
Hulme said: 'It's been an absolute privilege to have served the public for 46 years, the vast majority of which has been in the NHS.
'The greatest privilege of my career has been working with the incredible team at ESNEFT – across Ipswich, Colchester and our community services.'
His decision comes after the successful introduction of its new electronic patient record system, EpicEPR, and ahead of the appointment of a new chair.
Deputy chief executive Adrian Marr will step into the role of interim chief executive from the New Year, as the trust board begins the process to appoint Hulme's successor.